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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網155Please respect copyright.PENANAJMLBMGZ9Nb
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多155Please respect copyright.PENANAWxFnPTAwFF
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易155Please respect copyright.PENANA4EMBYcLzva
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呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢155Please respect copyright.PENANAWShVlS0HN7
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉155Please respect copyright.PENANAEqGoBVUZnq
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15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站155Please respect copyright.PENANA7hBTcdj93P
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向155Please respect copyright.PENANAuUos62tpfO
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞155Please respect copyright.PENANA0VIXETO7el
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢155Please respect copyright.PENANAwt3Go462sU
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非洲有人力155Please respect copyright.PENANAaXhOrntdkH
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心155Please respect copyright.PENANAiUb72YfRPL
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦155Please respect copyright.PENANAHRboooja23
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再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼155Please respect copyright.PENANAzHntt5wExp
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢155Please respect copyright.PENANAZGq03kVvUD
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國155Please respect copyright.PENANAgMBHrSkEPF
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行155Please respect copyright.PENANAoUDuvTkoWx
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣155Please respect copyright.PENANAOTM31NMJgE
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴155Please respect copyright.PENANACwPN6jSiMY
由此激發各國投入人力物力155Please respect copyright.PENANAmiK9eurBQO
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器155Please respect copyright.PENANAKBKx7IpBHG
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船155Please respect copyright.PENANABWIMHno48H
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易155Please respect copyright.PENANAA65cbBBgCh
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲155Please respect copyright.PENANASsiBLpp080為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度155Please respect copyright.PENANAFMGjTr4GCI
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乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?155Please respect copyright.PENANAsirvi2rWWU
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒155Please respect copyright.PENANAJS77yl0gQ4
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歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成155Please respect copyright.PENANA8IIQRAiKUE
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉155Please respect copyright.PENANA87JhRFhWkj
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團155Please respect copyright.PENANAHVNjDxAOh1
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖155Please respect copyright.PENANAuwmrkd1sd7
自16世紀起155Please respect copyright.PENANAk2ne5ZtWtU
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就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控155Please respect copyright.PENANAJ1yw36NEzB
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營155Please respect copyright.PENANAuw8nRMu9Kb
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤155Please respect copyright.PENANACobQeCS1ED
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好似1605年3月嗰次155Please respect copyright.PENANApzbhk0enXB
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨155Please respect copyright.PENANAEuZ4fpmf5c
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈155Please respect copyright.PENANAKs7ysp3PoD
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我直接講個結果:155Please respect copyright.PENANA6R5Nthyqxx
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗155Please respect copyright.PENANAqvfklh3xRl
法號伍朋八世155Please respect copyright.PENANApUVWlubl5r
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員155Please respect copyright.PENANAnuu1mdD4LA
…155Please respect copyright.PENANA6MATNbEayy
..155Please respect copyright.PENANAaMFPAWkmHB
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???155Please respect copyright.PENANAEfvxXmnxBz
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦155Please respect copyright.PENANAV8UIl0fmoj
佢地其實係病死嘅155Please respect copyright.PENANAVdBSK5IqOe
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"155Please respect copyright.PENANAdRmGR9UVx8
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇155Please respect copyright.PENANAEEwWHQuu63
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播155Please respect copyright.PENANAWvR1G1gXSD
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時155Please respect copyright.PENANAkJFUhXustS
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味155Please respect copyright.PENANAkX2fw3Rgyy
係會令人發燒同病死155Please respect copyright.PENANAmr9mZXTSDG
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾155Please respect copyright.PENANAoayTHhlOF4
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後155Please respect copyright.PENANARznbf9ASon
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘155Please respect copyright.PENANAydotkYHcNL
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體155Please respect copyright.PENANAJSjROf3Qo8
帶返去羅馬本土喇155Please respect copyright.PENANARVKgujYCFK
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶155Please respect copyright.PENANAMGfhVYN1cP
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖155Please respect copyright.PENANAKGyIgfmVug
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地155Please respect copyright.PENANAHmyHTUrOXE
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣155Please respect copyright.PENANA9u70D1vpYb
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時155Please respect copyright.PENANAYV0kVKHh1V
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命155Please respect copyright.PENANAFDos40Ey1G
額我略十五世唔遲唔早155Please respect copyright.PENANAcRVvk9Rkub
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋155Please respect copyright.PENANALfc05Thrbo
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇155Please respect copyright.PENANAmTagBfqAm2
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世155Please respect copyright.PENANA8l5I8dj7fk
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召155Please respect copyright.PENANAUlYS4bD1SM
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦155Please respect copyright.PENANA12olZCseZx
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病155Please respect copyright.PENANAhWJWwBw2ED
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史155Please respect copyright.PENANAf8aCXGCtwe
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦155Please respect copyright.PENANA594IRZNVCo
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾155Please respect copyright.PENANA4FnqOe7mQD
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法155Please respect copyright.PENANAKCLr9iDSp4
真係唔醫好過醫155Please respect copyright.PENANAN9mayKbDsF
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢155Please respect copyright.PENANA5VZrN7vI5W
16世紀起155Please respect copyright.PENANAoRf7pYM8zR
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊155Please respect copyright.PENANA2QGTHetcH3
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲155Please respect copyright.PENANAh00AjbWhx0
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛155Please respect copyright.PENANAgMJei5xk7Y
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人155Please respect copyright.PENANAc71alABZ88
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣155Please respect copyright.PENANAt0GJwHVLXc
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目155Please respect copyright.PENANAr6fuJTYyZM
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材155Please respect copyright.PENANAB8piIxuUtW
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英155Please respect copyright.PENANAbDWwRSwLsj
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落155Please respect copyright.PENANA35NisDVGtO
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦155Please respect copyright.PENANAFLybPFGbbk
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情155Please respect copyright.PENANA7yje6KWbZz
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....155Please respect copyright.PENANANLH4AY1UGa
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呢個故事嘅主要成份155Please respect copyright.PENANAm3Jt2KKKcZ
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初155Please respect copyright.PENANAmLzDTSao5z
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬155Please respect copyright.PENANA5oUGttzkbK
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呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土155Please respect copyright.PENANAi7WpGWpCcM
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場155Please respect copyright.PENANAUyWOCOk3le
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵155Please respect copyright.PENANAjQlLTmarFt
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去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病155Please respect copyright.PENANAuW1kmxl2FY
服從性有幾高可想而知155Please respect copyright.PENANACwAOThrwXx
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫155Please respect copyright.PENANAvQ8WJufCih
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話155Please respect copyright.PENANAwHwF41ZWwy
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講155Please respect copyright.PENANAllfeFvKCrz
無疑係甘上加甘155Please respect copyright.PENANAKBITI02uET
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢155Please respect copyright.PENANA0TVf6wpwq9
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000155Please respect copyright.PENANAtHVNJ9mVDQ
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度155Please respect copyright.PENANAEwE0eGHPnX
錢就使咗效果又冇155Please respect copyright.PENANAapcNfu1DC5
咁點搞?155Please respect copyright.PENANAymdyCjILYW
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”155Please respect copyright.PENANAK9YFYHhtma
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案155Please respect copyright.PENANAWt4U62452E
作為糖嘅發源地155Please respect copyright.PENANACOvhzDgv39
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像155Please respect copyright.PENANA5ur8BhWm4E
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右155Please respect copyright.PENANAWhezKEqMiK
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官155Please respect copyright.PENANAcbsu0MPK53
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:155Please respect copyright.PENANAelUl5XZtVg
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧155Please respect copyright.PENANAQfiuVKYRjC
溶入高濃度糖水155Please respect copyright.PENANAZNHzc8WyWJ
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮155Please respect copyright.PENANAzjCcfGzb4N
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿155Please respect copyright.PENANA6eUBKE9rLy
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度155Please respect copyright.PENANAk4QSrTzJ9f
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇155Please respect copyright.PENANA8iOC59Cv71
啲軍官再進一步155Please respect copyright.PENANA60kP4hFoFm
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒155Please respect copyright.PENANAx60EXGx1bE
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
155Please respect copyright.PENANATzZNpgOw5v
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆155Please respect copyright.PENANAIoFCH6eFYw
法國人曾經試過用紅酒155Please respect copyright.PENANAUuM4va0c86
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪155Please respect copyright.PENANA3sb8ANzOIH
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水155Please respect copyright.PENANAFkqvf0MnLs
味道完全唔融和155Please respect copyright.PENANAzjOAZpHFWa
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味155Please respect copyright.PENANAu7wtBzuUFK
後來研究發現155Please respect copyright.PENANAPvDbHAme7A
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份155Please respect copyright.PENANA3fjKRu4Tfd
同奎寧結合成聚合體155Please respect copyright.PENANAzx5mUBaHjU
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道155Please respect copyright.PENANAIOMesbxGOe
呢個偶然嘅發現155Please respect copyright.PENANANyeGltHz6p
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎155Please respect copyright.PENANAkQGEerUU2S
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵155Please respect copyright.PENANA21lodfPDxS
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧155Please respect copyright.PENANA47wMFdwK3d
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥155Please respect copyright.PENANA7P637CWS3z
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品155Please respect copyright.PENANARqSsuysnJ7
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度155Please respect copyright.PENANARiNJN446Zk
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品155Please respect copyright.PENANAAMuGP0Pkjx
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)155Please respect copyright.PENANAaxlj6TcYiO
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水155Please respect copyright.PENANAeABvUyc9Al
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水155Please respect copyright.PENANAandpwQteHI
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命155Please respect copyright.PENANA7pM0npbPK0
例如喺1875年155Please respect copyright.PENANAzKl5xWqjLY
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率155Please respect copyright.PENANAGDjFpPko5J
已經跌到去1.5%155Please respect copyright.PENANAq2y8WHEHQ4
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面155Please respect copyright.PENANA35qUUVdJbH
下集會講吓155Please respect copyright.PENANA60lub9CWBo
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥155Please respect copyright.PENANA5bZab3OvhT
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運155Please respect copyright.PENANABMOFrYJNBE155Please respect copyright.PENANAC2kEf2Zl3M